1. What is the Speed to Break Sound Barrier?

Definition: This is the speed at which an object exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1), creating a sonic boom.

Purpose: Helps pilots, engineers, and aviation enthusiasts understand the speed needed to break the sound barrier under different conditions.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the base speed of sound at sea level and adjusts for:

Where:

• \( S \) — Speed of sound (mph)
• Base speed — 767 mph at sea level, 59°F
• Altitude — Decreases speed by ~20 mph per 1000 feet
• Temperature — Increases speed by ~1.1 mph per °F above 59°F

Explanation: The speed of sound varies with atmospheric conditions, primarily affected by altitude and temperature.

3. Importance of Sound Barrier Calculation

Details: Understanding this speed is crucial for aircraft design, flight planning, and avoiding sonic booms over populated areas.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter your current altitude in feet and temperature in °F. The calculator will show the adjusted speed needed to break the sound barrier.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does altitude affect the speed of sound?
A: Higher altitudes have lower air density and temperature, which decreases the speed of sound.

Q2: What's the exact formula for speed of sound?
A: The precise formula is \( a = \sqrt{\gamma R T} \), where γ is heat capacity ratio, R is gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

Q3: Why is 767 mph the standard value?
A: This is the speed of sound at sea level (15°C or 59°F) in dry air.

Q4: How does humidity affect the result?
A: Humidity has minimal effect (less than 0.5%) and is not included in this simplified calculator.

Q5: What was the first aircraft to break the sound barrier?
A: The Bell X-1, piloted by Chuck Yeager, first broke the sound barrier in 1947.