Speed of Light Formula:
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Definition: This calculator computes the speed of light in a vacuum based on the electric permittivity (ε₀) and magnetic permeability (μ₀) of free space.
Purpose: It demonstrates the fundamental relationship between electromagnetic constants and the speed of light.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The speed of light is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the permittivity and permeability of free space.
Details: This fundamental relationship is crucial in electromagnetic theory, relativity, and modern physics. It shows how the constants of electricity and magnetism determine the speed of light.
Tips: Enter the permittivity (default 8.854×10⁻¹² F/m) and permeability (default 1.257×10⁻⁶ H/m) of free space. All values must be > 0.
Q1: Why is this formula important?
A: It demonstrates the fundamental connection between electromagnetism and the speed of light, a cornerstone of modern physics.
Q2: What are the standard values for ε₀ and μ₀?
A: ε₀ ≈ 8.854×10⁻¹² F/m and μ₀ ≈ 1.257×10⁻⁶ H/m in SI units.
Q3: Does this work in materials other than vacuum?
A: No, this formula is specifically for vacuum. In materials, you must use the material's permittivity and permeability.
Q4: Why does the calculation give exactly the speed of light?
A: Because the values of ε₀ and μ₀ were defined to make this relationship exact in SI units.
Q5: Can I use this to measure ε₀ or μ₀?
A: Yes, if you know two of the three values (c, ε₀, μ₀), you can calculate the third.